Long-term consequences of burns: a multisystemic approach to rehabilitation

Burns are not just a local skin lesion. They are traumas that affect the entire body: physiologically, psychologically, and socially. Even after the skin has healed, patients face numerous long-term consequences. To overcome them, a multisystemic approach to rehabilitation is increasingly being used—a comprehensive strategy that includes physical, psycho-emotional, and social support.

Physiological consequences of burns

  1. Disorders of skin functions
    After burns heal, the skin loses its natural properties:
  • increased sensitivity to temperature and ultraviolet radiation,
  • dryness, itching, thickening of scars,
  • formation of contractures (limited movement in the joints).
  1. Deformations and functional limitations
    Especially with deep burns, it is possible:
  • limited mobility of the limbs,
  • facial expression disorders in case of facial burns,
  • problems with speech and swallowing in case of neck burns.

Psychological and cognitive consequences

  1. Psychological trauma
     Many patients are faced with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety disorders.
  2. Body image disorder
    Changes in appearance can be caused by:
  • decreased self-esteem,
  • social isolation,
  • refusal of intimate relationships.
  1. Cognitive impairment
    After severe burns and prolonged mechanical ventilation, a temporary decrease in memory, attention, and learning ability is possible.

Multisystemic approach to rehabilitation

A multisystem (or interdisciplinary) approach involves a team of specialists:

Rehabilitation doctor—manages the recovery program, assesses functional status, and selects physical activities.

Physiotherapist—helps restore range of motion, reduce pain, and prevent contractures.

Psychologist or psychotherapist—works with anxiety and PTSD and supports the patient in accepting changes in appearance.

Nutritionist—selects a diet that promotes tissue regeneration and supports the overall tone of the body.

A multisystemic approach is not a luxury but a necessity to help a person regain control over their life.